Multiple Annotation Techniques for Graphing

## Description

#### Axes labels and legends

Here we will be placing a legend and axes labels on the graph of the function

(1)
\begin{align} f(x) = \sin(\pi x) \end{align}

A legend is generated by setting legend_label when creating the plot object, and axes labels are set with the .axes_labels() method.

## Sage Cell

#### Code

p = plot(sin(pi*x), -pi, pi, legend_label='$f(x) = \sin(\pi x)$' )
p.axes_labels(['$x$', '$y = f(x)$'])
p.show()


## Options

#### The six gridline options

Sage has to parameters which control gridlines on graphs; frame, which can be set to true or false and gridlines, which can be set to true, false, or minor. Combining both, this allows for 6 different gridline options. We will demonstrate them all in the following cells. The default value of both parameters is False, so setting them both to False will produce the same graph as if you hadn't set them at all.

#### Code

plot(x^3-x, -2, 2, gridlines=True, frame=False)

plot(x^3-x, -2, 2, gridlines='minor', frame=True)

plot(x^3-x, -2, 2, gridlines=True, frame=True)

plot(x^3-x, -2, 2, gridlines='minor', frame=True)

plot(x^3-x, -2, 2, gridlines=False, frame=False)

plot(x^3-x, -2, 2, gridlines=False, frame=True)


#### Adding Arrows, Text and Points

Beyond legends and axis labels, sage also offers the ability to place arrows, points and text at specified locations using point(), arrow() and text(). We will be annotating the graph of

(2)
$$f(x) = x^2 + 1$$

And its tangent line at $f(1)$,

(3)
$$g(x) = 2x$$

#### Code

tangent_line = plot(2*x, -2, 2, gridlines='minor')
curve = plot(x^2 + 1, -2, 2)
big_dot = point( (1,2), size=60 )
the_arrow = arrow( (0.2, 2.8), (0.9, 2.1) )
the_words = text( '$f(x) = x^2 + 1$ and tangent line at $(1, 2)$.', (0.5, -2.75), fontsize = 14 )
big_image = tangent_line + curve + big_dot + the_arrow + the_words
big_image.show()


A few notes on arrow() and text:

When creating an arrow, the point will be located at the second set of points; for the arrow in the graph we made, if you wanted an arrow pointing at the intersection from the opposite direction, you could input

the_arrow = arrow( (1.8, 1.2), (1.1, 1.9))

When using text(), the text will be center aligned and will originate from the point specified, so make sure to leave enough room on either side to fit what you want on the graph.

#### Graphing an Integral

Here we will use the fill property to graph a visualization of

(4)
\begin{align} \int_0^2 -1 + \sqrt{x} \ dx \end{align}

#### Code

plot(-1 + sqrt(x), 0, 2, fill=True)


You can set the color of the filling and the transparency by setting fillcolor and fillalpha:

plot(-1 + sqrt(x), 0, 2, fill=True, fillcolor='yellow', fillalpha=2/3)


#### Dotted and Dashed lines

Similar to colors, you can also declare linestyle when creating a plot to make different patterns of dots and dashes when plotting multiple functions.

#### Code

P1 = plot( x^2, 0, 1.2)
P2 = plot( x^3, 0, 1.2, linestyle='-')
P3 = plot( x^4, 0, 1.2, linestyle='-.')
P4 = plot( x^5, 0, 1.2, linestyle=':')
P5 = plot( x^6, 0, 1.2, linestyle='--')
P = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 + P5
P.show()


## Tags

Primary Tags: Plotting: Two-dimensional plots

Secondary Tags: Two-dimensional plots: Annotation